| Most of the Irish, who settled in
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| | starvation in Ireland. Coming to
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| Pennsylvania coal regions, prior to the
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| | Pennsylvania was more a necessity than a
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| great Irish famine (1845-1849), came from
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| | privilege to them. They were financially
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| the counties of Kilkenny and Laois, in
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| | destitute and did not even have much
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| south-central Ireland. These Irish
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| | wealth to get started on. These two
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| immigrants usually had experience working
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| | factors lead to these Irish immigrants
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| in coal mines and quickly assimilated
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| | ending up in the rough and poor areas of
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| into that working environment,
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| | Pennsylvania. Needless to say, the
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| progressing up the ladder of promotions
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| | north-west Irish, in the coal regions,
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| at a steady pace. The coal regions of
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| | did not get along with the south-central
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| Pennsylvania consisted of Lackawanna,
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| | Irish of Kilkenny and Laois, who had
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| Luzerne, Columbia, Carbon, Schuylkill and
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| | already bonded with the Welsh and English
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| Northumberland counties. The Kilkenny
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| | years before.
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| and Laois Irish generally were not
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| | Welsh and English minors had come from a
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| financially struggling before they came
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| | background in England of organized labor
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| to America, and ended up less poor than
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| | practices. In Pennsylvania, attempts
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| many of the later Irish immigrants.
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| | were made in the 1860's to organize coal
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| These south-central Irish tended to
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| | mine labor into unions. First attempts
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| commingle with Welsh and English mining
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| | consisted of including all miners in
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| families, who generally had all the
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| | unions, regardless of ethnicity. Since
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| supervisory positions. This commingling
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| | the Welsh and English were being treated
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| produced strong working and political
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| | better than the Irish, by management,
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| bonds between the Welsh, English and the
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| | these early attempts failed as arguing
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| Kilkenny and Laois Irish.
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| | and fighting broke out between the Irish
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| Because of the great potato famine in
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| | and other groups culminating in the
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| Ireland in 1845-1849, a large number of
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| | "Molly McGuire" violent era around
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| Irish immigrants reluctantly descended on
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| | 1863-1867. During this period, the
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| Pennsylvania coal regions for employment.
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| | Kilkenny and Laois Irish generally sided
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| They really never wanted to leave
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| | with the English and Welsh immigrants.
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| Ireland. These immigrants were mostly
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| | As well, the Molly McGuire Irish were
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| from the Irish counties of Mayo, Galway
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| | Catholics, whereas many of the earlier
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| and Donegal, in north-west Ireland, where
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| | Irish immigrants were Protestant. After a
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| the famine hit the hardest. These Irish
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| | few years, some arrests and executions,
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| immigrants did not have skilled mining
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| | this labor movement ended with tolerable
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| backgrounds and were mostly farmers and
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| | agreements between the parties.
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| basic laborers, trying to escape
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