Venetian Masks, History of the Plague Doctor Mask

The Plague Doctor (Medico Della Peste)spread by "bad air" and that the plague doctor
After 1350 the culture in Europe had drasticallymask would draw the plague away from the
changed to one of bleak morbidity. Artvictim and onto the garment the plague doctor
represented this pessimism with representationswore. The mask also included red glass eyepieces
of death. This darkness was brought about bywhich protected the wearer from the evil of the
the prevalence of the black Plague. Nobody knewplague. The beak was often filled with aromatic
how to contain or prevent the onslaught of theherbs to disguise the smell of unburied corpses,
Black Death and many of the supposedsputum and ruptured bouboules on the victims.
preventions/cures caused more problems. WhenThe herbs also acted to overpower the "bad air"
people believed that cats were in league with thethey thought carried the plague.
devil, this led to cats being killed en masse. If this· A wooden cane, was used both to direct
prejudice had not existed the rodent populationfamily members to move the patient or examine
would have been kept down by the cats,a body without directly touching them.
lessening the spread of plague infested fleas from· A long black overcoat was worn tucked into
host to host i.e. rats.the beak mask at the neckline to minimise skin
It was during this backdrop that the Medico Dellaexposure, it fell right down to the foot. The coat
Peste (Plague Doctor) came into play. Manywas then covered in suet or wax which they
believe The plague doctor was created by thethought could draw away the plague from the
famous French doctor Charles Le Lorme whovictim's skin, trapping it in the suet or repelling it
adopted the mask and costume while treatingwith the wax.
plague victims. The costume consisted of:Although at the time people did not know what
· A wide brimmed hat worn close to the headcaused the plague, they still new that coming into
which identified to people that you were acontact with the victims increased the risk of
doctor,much the same as nowadays hats identifycontracting the disease.
different professions e.g.: soldiers, police etc. ByIt is not known how widespread plague doctors
the time the plague had taken affirm grip manywere, or how effective their treatment of the
of the doctors had fled leaving just volunteers todisease was, but it is likely that, although offering
help. The wide brim may also have been used asprotection to the wearer, they actually
partial shielding from infection.contributed to the spreading of the disease by
· A primitive gas mask in the shape of a bird'sunknowingly acting as a carrier for infected fleas
beak. It was common belief that the plague wasto move from host to host.