The Penny - A History

The Penny, or more properly the Cent, has a longAll the coins minted during this time are
history in the United States and Europe has usedconsidered "Large Cents" and were slightly larger
the penny for much longer, over a thousandthan the current quarter. It wasn't until 1856 that
years (the word penny comes from the Englishthe penny became the size we know today.
word Pence). From the first penny minted in 1787The Flying Eagle penny was the first small cent
to the current Lincoln penny, the coin has been an(the size of the current penny) and was produced
important part of the United States monetaryfrom 1856 to 1858. The coin was artistically well
system for over 300 years.designed, but due to similar raised areas on both
The United States penny has had many differentthe front and back of the coin, had production
designs throughout its history, some lasting only adifficulties. In 1859 the Flying Eagle was
few years and others over a century. The firstdiscontinued and production of the Indian Head
penny was pressed by a private mint in 1787 andPenny began. An interesting bit of trivia is that the
was created due to combat counterfeit coins thatwoman on the front of the coin does not
were so rampant at the time that they wererepresent an American Indian, but Liberty wearing
damaging the early country's economy. Benjaminan Indian headdress. According to legend, James
Franklin designed the coin and it was known asLongacre, the coins designer, had his daughter
the "Fugio" (I fly) cent because of the prominentmodel for the portrait.
inscription on the front side of the coin.In 1909 the Lincoln penny was introduced to
The first circulating coin produced by the actualcommemorate Lincoln's 100th birthday.
United States Mint was the Chain cent. ProducedInterestingly, this was the first coin to show an
in 1793, a mere six years after the Fugio cent,actual historical person. Earlier coins displayed
the Chain cent contained the head of liberty onLiberty, representing a concept, but not a real
the front side and on the reverse, 15 interlockingperson. The first Lincoln penny had two wheat
chains representing the then 15 states. The chainsheads on the reverse side, but in 1959, Lincoln's
on the back of the coin were not popular with the150th birthday, this was changed to the Lincoln
public and they were quickly replaced with aMemorial building. For Lincoln's 200th birthday in
wreath of leaves. From 1793 to 1857 a variety of2009, four designs commemorating Lincoln's life
different designs were introduced, and due to thewere used for the reverse of the penny. Starting
primitive methods used to mint coins during thatin 2010 a new shield design will be used.
time, may variations of the coins were created.