The Northwest Coast Native American Potlatch Ceremony

One of the most popular ceremonies amongclaims since written records were not produced.
Native peoples is the Northwest Coast NativeLower status families would hold potlatches on a
American potlatch (or potlach of Native Indians oflocal scale while the elite would invite guests from
the Pacific Northwest). The potlatch has beenmany tribes to grander events. Sometimes, rival
practiced by Native nations such as the Haida,families would be in competition to outdo each
Salish, Tlingit, Tsimshian and Kwakwaka'wak forother in elaborate potlatches. The potlatch itself
thousands of years.would either be held inside a large longhouse or
Potlatches can be held to celebrate births, rites ofoutdoors.
passages, weddings, funerals, puberty andUnfortunately, missionaries considered the potlatch
honoring of deceased. These celebrations willto be demonic and satanic. As a result, they were
typically include a feast, music, some theatricalable to get the Canadian government to ban
performances involving tribal masks and spiritualpotlatches in 1885. The US government also
events. The host family of each potlatch will alsoplaced a similar ban in the late 19th century.
demonstrate their wealth and social status byPotlatches continued on a much smaller scale and
distributing gifts to the guests. Gifts included food,in secrecy away from non-native eyes. The bans
canoes, blankets, copper and many other typeson the potlatch were eventually lifted in the US in
of items. Potlatches will often elevate the prestige1934 and in Canada in 1951.
of the hosts even more.Potlatches are still held today but of course, the
Potlatches were also used to assert or formallytypes of gifts are also more contemporary and
transfer to heirs, certain economic or ceremonialcan include useful household items, Native art as
privileges. The gifts were therefore used aswell as cash.
payments to the guests for being witnesses to