| Tariq-ibn-Ziyad and his fierce Berber troops | | | | of the Picos de Europa. The group was isolated |
| invaded Spain initially in 710 AD, through Tarifa and | | | | but determined. They survived off a diet mostly |
| later, through Gibraltar 711 AD. | | | | of wild-mountain honey. The Moors scoured the |
| The next 800 years was documented by both | | | | area in vain. Eventually, they relinquished the |
| sides. There was no BBC or CNN seeking impartial | | | | search, believing, so few, would not be a |
| truth. War alternated with Romance. | | | | significant problem. |
| The Moors exposed the grandiose - the Spaniards | | | | In 722 AD, the Moors experienced their first |
| remembered the ruthless... | | | | defeat, at the Battle of Covadonga, when |
| After the Battle of Guadalete July 19, 711 AD, | | | | Pelayo's men defeated a small Moorish patrol. |
| prisoners were forced to observe... Christian | | | | Pelayo's men, secured the narrow valley of |
| comrades were hacked to pieces and chucked | | | | Covadonga. 300 Christians versus 400,000 Moors |
| into boiling vats. The Moors secretly switched | | | | - at least that was the essence of the myth. |
| cauldron-contents and sat down and ate heartily. | | | | Though, a historically ambiguous point, Covadonga |
| Tariq then released those witnesses. The horror | | | | was the nexus of the Reconquista. The victory |
| converted them as propaganda tools, | | | | was memorable and became the first turn of the |
| harbinger-messengers of the true "Power of the | | | | Christians' return to the "Key to Spain." Great |
| Sword." This was just one of the reasons, why | | | | morale for The Cause of the Spanish Reconquista. |
| Spain yielded so swiftly to the Moorish Rule of | | | | Don Pelayo declared the defended area: Asturias, |
| Spain. A rule that lasted nearly 800 years, (from | | | | a small independent Kingdom. |
| 711 AD to 1492 AD). | | | | Spanish heirs are referred to as: the Prince of |
| There were other reasons why Visigoth rule | | | | Asturias, honouring the bravery of Pelayo and his |
| vanished. Hispanic-Romans had detested the | | | | men. |
| Visigoths. Jews had been treated cruelly and | | | | Borders of Moorish Spain were elastic: continually |
| harshly by the Catholic Church and the Visigoths. | | | | shrinking or expanding. |
| The Moors were aided by both the | | | | Inside Moorish boundaries: life was a paradox of |
| Hispanic-Romans and the Jews. Neither side, | | | | violence, excessive self-indulgence, the highest |
| however, believed that the Moors would stay. | | | | education and refinement: The romantic grace of |
| The invasion was swift but not always smooth. | | | | the Alhambra or the exquisite Madinat-az-Zahra... |
| The Moors themselves experienced jagged | | | | Outside Moorish boundaries: Harrowing chapters: |
| episodes. Internal revolts were persistent | | | | al-Hakim 1, massacred 300 chief citizens, Toledo |
| between the fanatical Berbers and their Arabic | | | | 800 AD. Mass enslavement, whole |
| superiors. Even the original Moorish leader Tariq, | | | | village-retributions, customary alternate hand and |
| was imprisoned, released and imprisoned. | | | | foot amputations... |
| Spain was all but conquered, except for a small | | | | Christians and Jews were regarded as "people of |
| area in the north-west: Asturias. The region | | | | the book." They were permitted to continue |
| became notorious for a multitude of historic | | | | practising their faith, as long as Moorish tax was |
| legends... | | | | paid. Tax laws had to be adhered to. Jizya: a |
| 30 brave men led by Don Pelayo (son of an | | | | special tax which protected those that paid - |
| nobleman - exiled by King Witizia - with rights to | | | | from the death penalty. |
| the Toldedan throne). He mounted a revolt | | | | It was the extension of the Islamic faith which |
| against the Moors. They fought from the caves | | | | was the essence of the Moorish Rule of Spain. |