Rules of Noble Succession

Let me first say that the rules of noblecontinued on both the spear (male) and distaff
succession, as they apply to a specific noble(female) side in parallel lines".
family, can normally not be changed. They areThe vast majority of all noble families have
determined either by:agnatic succession, meaning both sons and
1) the rules of succession laid down in the letterdaughters of a noble father are noble, but only
patent which was given to the family memberthe grandchildren of the sons (and not of the
who was first ennobled (for patent nobility)ordaughters) are noble. Certainly in most families
2) the rules of succession in use at the time andcreated noble by means of a letter patent issued
the place where the family was first recognisedby a Monarch, this is by far the most common
as noble (for original nobility)rule of succession.
It follows that in the case of patent nobility theCognatic succession is, for practical genealogical
rules of succession could only be changed by thepurposes, only relevant in a few cases where it
conferring authority, the reigning Monarch or his orcan be shown that this was indeed the original
hers successors (if the constitution would allowform of noble succession of the family, and there
for such changes).is an unbroken chain of succession from these
In the case of the original nobility in my opinion(ancient) times down till today.
the rules of succession cannot ever be changed,If we were to discuss the succession to the
not even by a successor of the reigning Monarchheadship of a family, it would be necessary to
who once recognised the family as noble, becausedistinguish between the two variants of cognatic
the rules of succession were in most cases not atsuccession, true and false. True cognatic
the Monarch's disposition to change. Hence, for allsuccession means the firstborn child, whether a
practical purposes and certainly for the study ofson or a daughter, has the best claims. False
genealogy, we may assume that noble familiescognatic succession would mean any son would
are bound by certain rules of succession thatinherit before a daughter regardless if he was
must be adhered to.younger, but in the absence of sons the oldest
When we discuss succession, we should definedaughter would have the best claims.
whether we mean the succession to the nobilityThe kingdom of Sweden today has, according to
(that is, which family members in the nextits constitution, true cognatic succession, that is
generation will inherit the name, the arms and thethe firstborn child of the Monarch has the best
quality of continuing the family line), and theclaims to the succession to the Throne. Some
succession to the headship of a noble family. Asother Monarchies also have this system.
implied by the title, in this article I will mainlyIf, for genealogical purposes, you want to find out
discuss the succession of nobility in the generalif a certain noble family as agnatic or cognatic
and collective sense.succession, you need to either look at the letter
Noble succession is either agnatic or cognatic. Inpatent by which the family was created noble, or,
my genealogy book "Find Your Noble Ancestors!",in the case of the original nobility, establish the
I have defined those terms as follows:terms and conditions for noble succession in use
"Agnatic succession: succession to the nobility ...at the time and place where the family was first
continues only on the spear (male) side, fromrecognised as noble. In most cases, the family
father to son." "Cognatic succession: in manymembers living today will be able to tell you which
countries this was the original form of successionform of succession they have.
among the ancient nobility, meaning the nobility ...