Peisistratus the Athenian Tyrant

The idea of tyranny today is of a negativerestore him to power as long as he married the
government based on one person who oftendaughter of Megakles. Peisistratos agreed to
abuses power and people. A recent example ofMegakles' offer, however to ensure that his rule
tyranny in the modern sense would be Saddamwas welcomed he devised a plan to win over the
Hussein. This modern view is at odds to theAthenians. He went to the village of Paeania and
ancient perspective of tyranny. A tyrant was arecruited a girl known a Phye. She was nearly six
person who by various means elevatedfoot tall and was dressed as Athene in armour
themselves to a position of power. They usuallyand helmet. He then drove into Athens on a
did this by finding favour with the people, whichchariot with Phyle at his side. The Athenians
meant treating the masses well.believed that Athene herself was endorsing the
Peisistratos (also known as Pisistratos orrule of Peisistratos and welcomed him into the
Peisistratus) was a tyrant of Athens during thecity of Athens. He then married the daughter of
6th century BC. He ruled c550-520 BC althoughMegakles, however he refused to sleep with her
this was not a continuous rule. Peisistratos wasin the normal way and thus stop her having any
the son of Hippokrates (Hippocrates) andchildren. At first nothing was said about this,
according to Herodotos (Herodotus) he washowever Megakles was soon informed by his
advised by the Spartan Chilon to never marrydaughter of Peisistratos' deception. Megakles
and have children. He ignored this advice and laterreunited with his political enemies to determined to
Peisistratos was born.overthrow Peisistratos.
Athens during the 6th century BC was a split city.This time, the tyant left Athens and went to the
The Alkmaeonid (Alcmaeonid) family had greatisland of Eretria to consult with his two older sons
influence over the coastal parts of Attica andHippias and Hipparchos (Hipparchus). They spent
Megakles (Megacles) the son of Alkmaeon led thetime collecting money and forces from all towns
coastal inhabitants against their rivals the inlandthat they had influence over, including Thebes and
inhabitants led by Lykourgos (Lycourgus). TheNaxos under the authority of Lygdamis, as well as
coastal faction wanted an oligarchy (rule of themercenaries from Argos. When everything was
few over the many), while the inland factionsready, Peisistratos marched on Athens. He
wanted a more moderate system ofattacked Marathon and won many followers
government. Peisistratos understood that suchthere. His army finally came face to face with the
strife could lead to a power vacuum that he couldAthenian army at the temple of Athene Pallenis.
fill. He devised a new faction of the AtticHe then heard a prophecy from the prophet
population called the Hyperakrioi (the men overAmphilytos (Amphilytos). The prophecy went as
the hills). He used deception and favourablefollows:
treatment towards the poor of society to gainThe net is cast and the meshes of it are cast
power. He pretended that he had been attackedwide,
by his enemies and that they might be violentIn the moonlit night the tunnels will come darting
towards the city. His good works towards histhrough the sea.
followers, combined with his previous militaryPeisistratos advanced towards Athens and
service for Athens convinced the rest of theattacked the city while the inhabitants were
Athenians that he should be protected fromenjoying their midday siesta. Many Athenians fled,
further harm. They armed themselves and tookhowever Peisistratos caught up with those fleeing
him up to the Acropolis. As soon as he reachedthe city and managed to persuade them to return
the Acropolis he assumed power of the city.to the city. Peisistratos now had a firm foundation
Herodotos says that this initial period of Peistratos'to base his power. The Almaeonids fled the city
rule as continuing the traditions and laws of theand Peisistratos recruited a bodyguard. From this
Athens and treating her citizens with respect.time on, Peisistratos would remain the tyrant of
This period came abruptly to an end when theAthens until his death. His sons would take on the
two factions under Lykourgos and Megakles camefamily tyranny that would end with their
together to expel him from the city. Soon after,overthrow by the tyrant slayers Harmodius and
infighting and unrest drove Megakles to askAristogeiton at the end of the 6th century BC.
Peistratos for support. He promised Peisistratos to