Olympias - The Mother of Alexander the Great

Olympias was born c.371 BC in the Molossianmother.
kingdom of Epirus on the borders of modern dayOlympias understood how power worked during
Albania. She was about fourteen years old whenthe 4th century BC. This was a time when men
she met king Philip of Macedon at a mystery cultdominated politics and where women gained
festival in Samothrace. It is said that Philippower through the men around them. Aspasia,
immediately fell in love with her, however this isthe wife of Pericles the 5th century Athenian
probably an over romantic version of reality.politician had gained authority through her husband
Philip had been a very shrewd and successful ruler(and may have written some of his speeches)
who had united the various tribes of Macedon intoand centuries later the younger Agrippina would
a recognisable kingdom. He had led his kingdom totry to gain power (disastrously for her) through
victories against the other Greeks, most notablyNero her son.
Thebes, Sparta and Athens. He had already begunOlympias is said to have poisoned Arrhidaeus the
an effective empire that filled the vacuum leftson of another wife. This son was older than
after the thirty years of Peloponnesian warAlexander and therefore in line for the throne
between Sparta and Athens in the 5th Centurybefore Alexander. Arrhidaeus survived the
BC. After Sparta defeated Athens, both citypoisoned, however he was brain damaged and
states seemed to have exhausted themselves toincapable of succeeding to power. Cleopatra, the
the point that the Macedonians were able toyoungest wife fulfilled Attalus' wish for a son and
move across Greece incorporating the city statesheir to Philip and she bore a son. Plutarch says
under Macedonian authority.that shortly after Philip's latest son had been born,
Philip's political awareness led him to make ahe was assassinated by Pausanias a disgruntled
number of political marriages. The MacedonianMacedonian. Plutarch suggests that Olympias used
kings practised polygamy, therefore OlympiasPausanias to assassinate Philip in revenge for his
was not the only wife of Philip, however she wasmarriage to Cleopatra. More likely it was a joint
his only queen. Philip married seven times, theventure between Olympias and Alexander to
order of the marriages were as follows: Phila,allow Alexander to take power before his rival
Audata, Philinna, Olympias, Nikesipolis, Meda andbecame old enough to fight his own corner. As
finally Cleopatra in 337 BC. It is remarkable thatsoon as Philip was removed Alexander became
Olympia managed to become queen, since Philipking of Macedon aged twenty. Olympias had
had older marriages which it might be reasonableCleopatra and her young son put to death.
to suggest would have been more established.Alexander spent most of his reign away on
Olympias must have made some impression oncampaign spreading his empire east towards India.
Philip to achieve the status of queen.Olympias remained in contact with Alexander,
Olympias became pregnant with Alexander soonhowever she had no political influence. This
after she married and he was born in 356 BC.changed when her brother died and she became
She had another child, Cleopatra later. She was anthe regent of Epirus in 330 BC. Alexander died in
avid worshiper of the god Dionysus and ancient323 BC and the Macedonian kingdom was ruled by
writers suggest that she had an interest in usinga regency. This situation was unstable with the
snakes in the worship of her favourite god. Theregency passing between the former generals of
writer Plutarch says that one time Philip saw herAlexander and finally resulting in a civil war.
asleep with a snake in her bed and after this timeOlympias became involved in this war in an
he became distant from his wife. Plutarch saysattempt to secure power for her grandson
that Philip then took other wives which incitedAlexander IV. She backed Polypercon as regent
jealousy in Olympias. The final breaking point cameof Macedon, however Cassander the son of a
when Attalus one of Philip's men made a toast toprevious regent fought Polypercon for power and
Philip at his wedding feast to Attalus' neicefinally emerged victorious. Olympias had killed
Cleopatra saying that they should all pray thatmany of Cassander's supporters in a bid to
Cleopatra produces a lawful successor to theweaken him. When he came to power Olympias
throne. Alexander showed his rage and threw asurrendered to his forces. He promised her
cup at Attalus. Philip sided with Attalus. Alexandersafety. As soon as he could, he charged her with
and Olympias left Macedon for Epirus.the murders she had carried out on his allies.
Olympias did not help such incidents and in someOlympias was herself executed by Cassander in
ways added fuel to the fire. Her intense and316 BC.
dangerous character meant that in a superstitiousOlympias lived with dangerous people and was
time, she could make herself seem more inherself a dangerous woman. Her single minded
league with the gods than with mortals. She isruthlessness enabled Alexander to become one of
said to have told Alexander that he was the sonthe most successful leaders and empire builders in
of Zeus, not Philip and Alexander modelled himselfhistory. It also led to her own execution.
on the hero Achilles who himself had a goddess